Nutrition
Good nutrition is the foundation for good health.
In practice, good nutrition means putting dietary emphasis on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, poultry, lean meats, and low-fat dairy foods to ensure the body has a steady and adequate supply of the nutrients it needs. It also means managing calorie intake to maintain a healthy weight.
Beverages can play an important role in providing essential nutrients. All beverages contain water, which supports proper hydration. Many 100% fruit and vegetable juices are also a good source of vitamin C, folate and potassium, while milk and some fortified juices provide calcium. Other beverages are formulated to meet specific nutritional needs. There are also new discoveries, such as research suggesting that the polyphenols found in some juices may have potential health benefits. To learn about nutrients found in some beverages, see our nutrient glossary.
Unfortunately, misunderstanding about how to interpret epidemiological research and animal studies has led to confusion about the role of fruit juices and beverages sweetened with sugars and low- and no-calorie sweeteners in health. But, by learning the facts, it is possible to incorporate a variety of beverages into the diet while maintaining a healthy weight and balancing hydration, nutrition and lifestyle needs.
Articles
- PCNA Introduces “A Heart Healthy Toolbox” - Lifestyle Change Tools for Health Professionals and Patients
- Juice with Added Plant Sterols Helps Reduce Cholesterol
- Calcium and Vitamin D Essential for Bone Health
- An Eye Toward Personalized Nutrition and the Future of Food Fortification (IFIC)
- Food Fortification in Today's World (IFIC)
- Guidelines For Communicating Emerging Science (IFIC)
- Is Food Fortification Necessary? An Historical Perspective (IFIC)
- Study Demonstrates Effective Bioavailability of Polyphenols in a Convenient Juice Drink
- The Rigorous Road to Food Ingredient Approval (IFIC)
- Tips for Managing Beverage Calories
- Vitamin D: Recommended Intakes, Current Intakes and Sources
What Experts Say
- Beverages & Bone Health: Helpful, Harmful or No Effect? An interview with Robert P. Heaney, MD
- IOM Updates Guidance on Vitamin D, Calcium: What Health Professionals Need to Know. An interview with Steven Abrams, MD
- Nutrition for Athletes: A Guide to Eating for Health and Performance (IOC)
- Unlocking Motivation: A Key to Successful Health Behavior Change. An interview with Lola Coke, PhD and Julie Schwartz, MS, RD
- Nutrition Guidance for Healthy Children Aged 2 to 11 Years - Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. J Am Diet Assn. 2008; 180(6): 1038-1047.
- Optimizing Bone Health and Calcium Intakes of Infants, Children, and Adolescents. American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement. Pediatrics: 2006;117(2):578-85.
- Prevention of Rickets and vitamin D Deficiency in Infants, Children, and Adolescents. American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement. American Pediatrics: 2008 Nov;122(5):1142-52.
- The Use and Misuse of Fruit Juice in Pediatrics. American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement. Pediatrics: 2001;107(5):1210-1213.
- Use of Nutritive and Non-nutritive Sweeteners. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112:739-758.
- Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health (WHO)
- Nutrition and Athletic Performance. American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Med Sci Sports Exer: 2009: 41; 709-731.
- Promotion of Healthy Weight-Control Practices in Young Athletes. American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement. Pediatrics: 1996; 97 :752 –753.
- Total Diet Approach to Communicating Food and Nutrition Information. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013;113:307-317.
- Weight Management. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. J Am Dietet Assn. 2009; 109(2): 330-346.
CPE Programs, Webinars & Podcasts
- Promoting Healthy Bones: Sorting Out the Science with Robert P. Heaney, MD (Free CPE Program)
- Biotechnology and Genetically-Modified Foods: Safety and Peer-reviewed Science with Martina Newell-McGloughlin, DSc
- Energy Balance in an Obese World: Science & Clinical Applications with James Hill, PhD and Keith Ayoob, EdD, RD (Free CPE Program)
- Children's Dietary Recommendations: When Urban Myths, Opinions, Parental Perceptions and Evidence Collide with Ronald E. Kleinman, MD (Free CPE Program)
- From Metabolism to Epidemiology: Understanding Dietary Sugars and Health with Theresa Nicklas, DrPH and Morey Haymond, MD
- Heart Healthy Lifestyle Counseling with Jane Nelson-Worel, APNP and Lynne T. Braun, PhD, CNP
- Active Healthy Lifestyle Pyramid for Children and Adolescents with Marcella Gonzales-Gross, PhD
- A Nutritional Odyssey: The Role of Science and Technology in a Healthy Diet with gus M. Clydesdale, PhD
- Food & Agricultural Biotechnology: Health Impacts in Developing Nations (Free CPE Program - IFIC)
- A Practical Guide to Risk Communications (Free CPE Program - IFIC)
- Translating Epidemiology into Sound Public Health Advice with Douglas Weed, MD, PhD (Free CPE Program)
- Effectively Communicating Food and Nutrition Science (Free CPE Program - IFIC)
- Helping Consumers Get the “Big Picture” - Promoting a Healthful, Balanced Eating Pattern (Free CPE Program - IFIC)
- Interpreting Science in a Social Media World (IFIC)
- Reducing Calories through Low Calorie Sweeteners Improves Quality of Diet with Dr. John Foreyt (Podcast - CCC)
Printable Downloads
- Nutrition Basics For Healthy Eating
- Nutrition for Athletes: A Guide to Eating for Health and Performance (IOC)
- Nutrition for Football: A Guide to Eating for Health and Performance (FIFA)
- A Guide to Nutrition and Hydration for Active Healthy Lifestyles (British Dietetic Association, English Institute of Sport, Sports Dietitians UK and European Hydration Institute)
- Antioxidants Fact Sheet (IFIC)
- Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Calcium (NIH/ODS)
- Guidelines For Communicating Emerging Science (IFIC)
- Heart Healthy Toolbox: Lifestyle Change Tools for Health Care Professionals & Their Patients (PCNA)
- IFIC Review: The Science of Sugars (IFIC)
This International Food Information Council paper provides an in-depth review of research concerning the role of dietary sugars in nutrition and health.
- Nutrition for Athletics: A Practical Guide for Track and Field (IAAF)
- Omega-3 Fact Sheet (IFIC)
- Questions and Answers About Fructose (IFIC)
- The Truth about Sugars: 10 Facts You May Not Know (IFIC)
Related References
- Contributions of Processed Foods to Dietary Intake in the US from 2003-2008: A Report of the Food and Nutrition Science Solutions Joint Task Force of the AND, ASN, IFT, and IFIC. J Nutr 2012; 142:2065S-72S.
- Funding Source and Research Report Quality in Nutrition Practice-Related Research. Myers EF, Parrott JS, Cummins DS, Splett P. PLOS One. Dec 6, 2011.
- Is funding source related to study reporting quality in obesity or nutrition randomized control trials in top-tier medical journals? Kaiser KA, et. al. Int J Obes. 2012; 36:977-81.
- Nutrition Guidance for Healthy Children Aged 2 to 11 Years - Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. J Am Diet Assn. 2008; 180(6): 1038-1047.
- Optimizing Bone Health and Calcium Intakes of Infants, Children, and Adolescents. American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement. Pediatrics: 2006;117(2):578-85.
- Prevention of Rickets and vitamin D Deficiency in Infants, Children, and Adolescents. American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement. American Pediatrics: 2008 Nov;122(5):1142-52.
- The Use and Misuse of Fruit Juice in Pediatrics. American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement. Pediatrics: 2001;107(5):1210-1213.
- Use of Nutritive and Non-nutritive Sweeteners. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112:739-758.
- A multinutrient-fortified beverage enhances the nutritional status of children in Botswana. Abrams SA, Mushi A, Hilmers DC, Griffin IJ, Davila P, Allen L. J Nutr. 2003;133(6):1834-40.
- Bioavailability of iron and zinc from a multiple micronutrient-fortified beverage. Avalos Mishaan AM, Zavaleta N, Griffin IJ, Hilmers DC, Hawthorne KM, Abrams SA. J Pediatr. 2004;145(1):26-31.
- Bioavailability of multiple components following acute ingestion of a polyphenol-rich juice drink. Borges G, Mullen W, Mullan A, Lean ME, Roberts SA, Crozier A. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2010;54 Suppl 2:S268-77.
- Business action to fight micronutrient deficiency. Bekefi T and Jarvis M. Business & Development Discussion Papers. The World Bank. Paper No.06, April 2006.
- Business as a Partner in Tackling Micronutrient Deficiency: Lessons in Multisector Partnership. Bekefi T. John F. Kennedy School of Government. Harvard University. 2007.
- Communicating science-based food and nutrition information. Rowe SB. J Nutr. 2002;132(8 Suppl):2481S-2482S.
- Composition and Specification of Food Intended to Meet the Expenditure of Intense Muscular Effort, Especially for Sportsmen. Report of the Scientific Committee on Food (EU)
- Concentration and solubility of flavanones in orange beverages affect their bioavailability in humans. Vallejo F, Larrosa M, Escudero E, Zafrilla MP, Cerd B, Boza J, Garca-Conesa MT, Espn JC, Toms-Barbern FA. J Agric Food Chem. 2010;58(10):6516-24.
- Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation of orange juice increases plasma phospholipid DHA content of children. Hawthorne KM, Abrams SA, Heird WC. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009;109(4):708-12.
- Does diet-beverage intake affect dietary consumption patterns? Results from the Choose Healthy Options Consciously Everyday (CHOICE) randomized clinical trial. Piernas C, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013; Mar;97(3):604-11.
- Efficacy of food fortification on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations: systematic review. O'Donnell S, Cranney A, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88(6):1528-34.
O'Donnell S, Cranney A, Horsley T, Weiler HA, Atkinson SA, Hanley DA, Ooi DS, Ward L, Barrowman N, Fang M, Sampson M, Tsertsvadze A, Yazdi F.Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88(6):1528-34.
- Estimation of total usual calcium and vitamin D intakes in the United States. Bailey RL, Dodd KW, Goldman JA, Gahche JJ, Dwyer JT, Moshfegh AJ, Sempos CT, Picciano MF. J Nutr. 2010 Apr;140(4):817-22. Epub 2010 Feb 24.
- Final Rule - Food Labeling: Health Claims; Calcium and Osteoporosis, and Calcium, Vitamin D, and Osteoporosis. Federal Register: 2008;73(189):56477-56487.
- Food and Nutrition Misinformation. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. J Am Dietet Assn. 2006; 106(4):601-607.
- Fortification of orange juice with vitamin D(2) or vitamin D(3) is as effective as an oral supplement in maintaining vitamin D status in adults. Biancuzzo RM, Young A, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jun;91(6):1621-6. Epub 2010 Apr 28.
Biancuzzo RM, Young A, Bibuld D, Cai MH, Winter MR, Klein EK, Ameri A, Reitz R, Salameh W, Chen TC, Holick MF. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jun;91(6):1621-6. Epub 2010 Apr 28.
- Identification of metabolites in human plasma and urine after consumption of a polyphenol-rich juice drink. Mullen W, Borges G, Lean ME, Roberts SA, Crozier A. J Agric Food Chem. 2010;58(4):2586-95.
- Intake of added sugars and selected nutrients in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006. Marriott BP, Olsho L, Hadden L, Connor P.Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2010;50(3):228-58.
- Is Sugar Consumption Detrimental to Health? A Review of the Evidence 1995-2006. Ruxton CHS, Gardner EJ, McNulty HM. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2010;50(1):1-19.
- Nutrition and Athletic Performance. American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Med Sci Sports Exer: 2009: 41; 709-731.
- Nutrition and Athletic Performance. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. J Am Dietet Assn. 2009; 109(3):509-527.
- Observational Studies Often Make Clinical Practice Recommendations: An Empirical Evaluation of Authors' Attitudes. Prasad V, Jorgenson J, Ioannidis JP, Cifu A. J Clin Epidemiol. 2013 Feb 2. S0895-4356(12)00352-6.
- Plant sterol-fortified orange juice effectively lowers cholesterol levels in mildly hypercholesterolemic healthy individuals. Devaraj S, Jialal I, Vega-Lpez S. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24(3):e25-8.
- Plant sterols/stanols as cholesterol lowering agents: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Abumweis SS, Barake R, Jones PJ. Food Nutr Res. 2008;52. doi: 10.3402/fnr.v52i0.1811.
- Promotion of Healthy Weight-Control Practices in Young Athletes. American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement. Pediatrics: 1996; 97 :752 –753.
- Reported use of reduced-sugar foods and beverages reflect high-quality diets. Sigman-Grant MJ and Hsieh G J Food Sci. 2005; 70:S42-46.
- Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for carbohydrates and dietary fibre. EFSA Journal 2010; 8(3):1462 [77 pp.]. EFSA Journal 2010; 8(3):1462 [77 pp.]. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1462
- Total Diet Approach to Communicating Food and Nutrition Information. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013;113:307-317.
- Weight Management. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. J Am Dietet Assn. 2009; 109(2): 330-346.
- Communication strategies to help reduce the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Fernstrom MH, Reed KA, Rahavi EB, Dooher CC. Nutr Rev. 2012 May;70(5):301-10.
Related Websites
- HealthyChildren.org (AAP)
- KidsEatRight.org (AND)
- Office of Dietary Supplements (NIH/ODS)
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND)
- American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
- Asian Food Information Council (AFIC)
- Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (USDA portal site)
- EU Platform for Diet, Physical Activity and Health (EU)
- European Food Information Council (EUFIC)
- International Food Information Council (IFIC)
- Nutrition for Everyone (CDC)
- Nutrition.gov (NAL/USDA)
Portal to all federal government agency resources on nutrition. Includes more than 1000 links to current nutritional information.
CPE Program
What Experts Say
Webinar
Weight Management
♦ Tips for Managing Beverage Calories
Useful Download
♦ Nutrition Basics For Healthy Eating


